Getting started with SLR (the most practical and basic technique for getting started with SLR)
Recently, I saw a lot of people asking questions about aperture, focal length, exposure, etc. in the background. , There were even people asking how to hold the camera and other questions in the background. In order to help you make good use of SLRs and take good photos, today I will tell you some basic knowledge such as aperture, sensitivity, and exposure. I hope you have consolidated the basic knowledge and started quickly!
One of them, are you sure you will bring a SLR?
This should be the most basic, because the body of the SLR camera is very large, and with the long lens, the whole SLR camera becomes very heavy and large. In order to prevent the camera from being unstable or shaken, it is very important to use the correct camera holding posture. Use the following example to tell you what is the wrong way to hold the camera and what is the correct way to hold the camera.
This kind of SLR grip: wrong
The correct way:
The correct way to hold the camera The method is to hold the camera body with the right hand, hold the lens with the left hand, and focus and zoom with the index finger and thumb. When framing the shot, the face should be close to the back of the camera, while the arms should clamp the sides of the body. Finally, keep breathing evenly and shoot with the shutter.
Get familiar with your camera.
①Front: First, there are some function buttons on the front of the camera. In addition to the shutter button, the others are rarely used.
②Back: Next is the button on the back of the camera, which is also the main operation area. The function of each button is explained in the figure, which is clear at a glance and does not need too much explanation.
③Top: Then there is the top of the camera, which is also the main operation area. Here you can select a shooting mode and view various parameter values. Each button below is clearly marked, just take a camera and compare it.
④Both sides of the camera: Next is the display on the left and right sides of the camera. The left and right sides have few functions and are rarely used. You just need to understand them.
⑤Bottom: Finally, the bottom of the camera, this is even simpler.
After seeing the picture above, I believe I have a deeper understanding of the camera! It’s really the easiest. It doesn’t get any easier than this.
In order to help you understand and deepen your impression, I will give you another set of pictures. I found a different camera to explain more. Although the cameras are different, the functions are similar. For convenience, I found a different camera for the model.
The top of the camera is similar to the picture above, but explained more.
Then the front of the camera. In the same way, explain the functions of each part more.
Next is the back:
Then there is the LCD screen, on which the aperture, shutter speed, and ISO are marked in detail.
Third, you must know the parameters of the SLR
All kinds of parameter settings of the camera, such as exposure, aperture, shutter, etc. must be mastered, which is the prerequisite for learning photography. I will help you understand these things in the simplest terms.
1. Depth of Field
Here, let me explain to you what depth of field is. Everyone knows that you need to focus first before taking a picture. In theory, only the in-focus part of a photo is clear, and the scenes before and after focus will be blurred due to out-of-focus.
However, due to the lens, shooting distance and other factors, there will be a certain distance before and after focusing, and you can shoot a clear scene without blurring. This range of clarity is called “depth of field”. Simply put: the distance at which images can be clearly imaged.
In addition, there are three factors that determine the depth of field, namely: aperture size, shooting distance, and lens focal length. Next, let’s talk about how these three elements affect the depth of field.
①Aperture size
The larger the aperture, the shallower the depth of field, and the smaller the aperture, the deeper the depth of field.
②Shooting distance.
The closer you are to the subject, the shallower the depth of field; the farther the subject is from the camera, the deeper the depth of field.
③The length of the focal length.
The longer the focal length, the shallower the depth of field, and the shorter the focal length, the deeper the depth of field.
2. Holes
The aperture is the light hole formed by overlapping small leaves inside the lens. The aperture can adjust the amount of light received by the image sensor according to how far it opens and closes. For example, if the aperture is opened, a lot of light will pass through; if the aperture is reduced, the luminous flux will be limited. The aperture is generally represented by “F”, and the number after F represents the size of the aperture. The larger the number behind, the smaller the aperture; the smaller the number, the larger the aperture.
In addition, the aperture will also affect the depth of field of the photo. The larger the aperture, the shallower the depth of field, which means the blurred background of the photo. The smaller the aperture, the deeper the depth of field, that is, the clearer the background of the photo.
The left is a large aperture (f/1.4); the right is a small aperture (f/16)
Aperture size Scope of Influence on Depth of Field
3. Shutter Speed
In simple terms, shutter speed indicates the length of time that light hits the image sensor. Generally speaking, the size of the aperture determines how much light can enter the camera at the same time; the shutter speed determines how long the sensor is exposed. Shutter speed: The smaller the denominator, the slower the shutter, and the larger the denominator, the faster the shutter.
For example, the shutter speed is 1/3 second, which means an exposure of one-third of a second. This exposure time is very long. The shutter speed is 1/200th of a second, or one hundredth of a second of exposure. This exposure time is very short.
Shooting the same subject with different shutter speeds will produce different effects. Take the photo of the waterfall below. Photos taken at high shutter speeds are full of vibrancy, while photos taken at slow shutter speeds fully demonstrate the flow of water, creating a calming atmosphere.quiet atmosphere.
4. Focal length
Many people think that “focal length” refers to the length of the lens, which is wrong. The focal length does not refer to the length of the lens, but refers to the distance from the optical center of the lens to the image sensor. If you know what focal length is, then you can understand how focal length affects imaging.
For full-frame SLR cameras, the focal length of a standard lens is 50mm (similar to the perspective effect of the human eye). A lens with a focal length less than 50mm is generally called a “wide-angle lens”, and a wider angle of view can be obtained by using a wide-angle lens. A lens with a focal length greater than 50mm is called a “telephoto lens”, which can magnify and compress the distant view in space, but the angle of view will be much narrower.
4. ISO Sensitivity
Sensitivity, also known as ISO value, is a measure of the film’s sensitivity to light. Currently commonly used units of measurement are ISO 100, 200, 400, 800, etc.
In the case of the same aperture value and shutter speed, the higher the sensitivity, the brighter the picture will be, but the higher the noise will be. For example, in the photo below, the sensitivity has been increased from 100 to 12800, the picture is getting brighter and the noise is getting more and more.
The higher the ISO, the more noise in the photos taken:
Although increasing the sensitivity can increase the brightness of the picture , but still have to consider the problem of noise, not just increase the sensitivity. Generally speaking, setting the sensitivity to 600-1000 can get a good picture quality, but in a well-lit environment, setting the sensitivity to 100-400 is fine.
5. Exposure Compensation
Compensation is actually a way to control exposure, generally expressed by “EV”. Exposure compensation is not available in all shooting modes. The exposure compensation can only be adjusted to control the exposure of the picture when using the program auto mode, aperture priority mode and shutter priority mode. Exposure compensation cannot be used to control exposure when shooting in full manual mode.
①How to set exposure compensation?
There are many ways to set camera exposure compensation. Here, the easiest thing to do is to use the shortcut keys on the camera body to adjust exposure compensation. However, there are still some differences between the exposure compensation settings of Canon cameras for entry-level cameras and the exposure compensation settings of network cameras with medium, high, and high-quality resources, which will be discussed separately below.
Canon’s entry-level cameras: Canon’s entry-level cameras include EOS 650D, EOS 700D, and EOS 750D. The exposure compensation shortcut keys for these entry-level computers are all next to the LCD screen. When adjusting the exposure compensation, you can first press the exposure compensation button, and then adjust the exposure compensation by adjusting the left and right arrow keys.
Exposure compensation button on entry-level camera bodies
Press the exposure compensation button and use the left and right keys to increase or Reduce exposure compensation.
Canon high-end singleReverse cameras: Canon’s high-end SLR cameras include EOS 7D series and EOS 1D series. When shooting with mid-to-high end cameras, exposure compensation can be easily adjusted by rotating the speed control dial during metering.
The left and right buttons on the camera body
The speed control dial on the high-end camera body
In the shooting mode where the exposure compensation can be adjusted, the exposure compensation value can be directly adjusted by turning the speed control dial.
Four. Shooting mode
For this point, I have told you a lot before, and here I will just give you a brief overview. Each symbol is labeled and explained in the figure below. Next, I will explain in detail aperture priority, automatic exposure, shutter priority and so on.
1. Fully automatic (automatic)
This camera mode is called “fool mode”, because in this mode, you have to do All you have to do is press the shutter, and everything else will be automatically adjusted by the camera. The photos taken in the fully automatic mode have moderate exposure and color tone, and the quality is very clear. But the photo effect is very ordinary, not much different from the mobile phone.
2.AV files (or files)
AV files are in aperture priority mode. To take pictures in this mode, you only need to adjust the size of the aperture. The camera will automatically adjust the shutter speed according to the shooting environment to make your photo exposure accurate.
When taking pictures in aperture priority mode, you can increase the aperture a little; you can take the following photos with blurred background and clear subject.
When you take the following landscape photos, you need to lower the aperture so that the whole picture will be clear.
3. TV file (or T file)
TV is a shutter priority mode, but the shutter priority mode and aperture priority mode are just the opposite. In the shutter priority mode, you first set a shutter speed, and then the camera system will automatically adjust the aperture value according to the shooting environment at that time.
Let Youyou Resources.com adopt the shutter priority mode to take pictures. By controlling the shutter speed, you can take pictures with a strong artistic conception; you can choose whether the elements in the picture are dynamic or static. For example, you can use a fast shutter speed to freeze the snowflakes floating in the air, or use a slow shutter speed to streamline them.
4.m gear
M gear is manual, and there are aperture, shutter, sensitivity, etc. Need to manually adjust, so as to control the picture. Manual transmission is difficult to operate and takes a long time to master. Manual gear is difficult, but it can take pictures that cannot be taken in previous modes, and it can also quickly improve your photography level.