Is it poisonous to grow vegetables in foam boxes? (What should be paid attention to when growing vegetables in foam boxes in summer?)
It is not uncommon to grow vegetables in foam boxes in life. Like rural side dishes, they also use foam boxes to grow vegetables. It is early summer. The weather is hot, the water vapor evaporates quickly, and some vegetable pests are active. Compared with ordinary vegetable fields, the foam box is a small movable vegetable field surrounded by four sides. The cultivated soil layer is not as good as ordinary vegetable fields in terms of drainage and permeability. So pay more attention to management, so that vegetables can grow better. This mainly includes soil selection and treatment.
Box Seed Amaranth
First, the selection and treatment of soil are very important.
Soil is where the roots of plants grow. Only when the soil environment is good and the root system grows normally can the vegetables grow well; the foam box is surrounded on all sides, which affects the heat dissipation and ventilation of the soil layer to a certain extent in the hot summer. After planting vegetables, soil compaction is not conducive to the growth of vegetables. The vegetables in the foam box are not easy to loosen the soil in a deeper layer like the usual vegetable plots, so it is easy to affect the growth of the vegetables. Therefore, it is very important to choose to treat the soil before planting, and then put it in to grow vegetables. Here, there are two situations:
1. No vegetables have been grown in the foam box.
If the foam box has not grown vegetables, it can only be planted elsewhere. The most basic requirement for the soil is to be loose and breathable (this kind of soil has no obvious agglomeration when it is dry or wet, and the soil particles are fine, and it can be naturally scattered after being grasped by hand and then dropped). Fertile soil is of course better; if you have your own vegetable field, shovel the soil of the vegetable field. If not, shovel dry land soil such as peanut fields and corn fields. Otherwise, there will be a lot of rotten soil under the big outdoor trees.
Loose and breathable soil under the tree
Soil exposure and fertilizer mixing treatment
No matter where the soil is shoveled, put it into foam The box must be exposed to the sun in front of the box, and the eggs must be sterilized and killed by natural light; the amount of soil is not much, spread it into a thin layer and put it in the sun for a day, and turn it over once during the period; generally speaking, it is used for The suitable depth of the foam box for planting vegetables is between 10-20cm. In addition to a finger-thick (about 1.5cm) soil on the bottom layer, it is recommended to add fresh plant ash or chicken manure to the top soil layer before putting it in. The purpose of doing this is not only to enrich the soil layer, but also to make the soil in the foam box exposed to high temperature in summer loose and breathable, easy to harden and dissipate heat, and can be planted for a long harvest period. The ratio of compost to soil is not fixed. In summer, the water vapor evaporates quickly, and the frequency of watering will be slightly more. If the poor soil is loose and breathable, but the frequency of watering is too much, it is easy to harden after drying. It is better to add more fertilizer, such as 1 part of soil 1.5-2 times chicken manure.
2. There is soil in the foam box, and the vegetables should be replanted after harvesting.
After the vegetables are planted in the foam box, many vegetable roots will be left in the soil layer, and it will take a long time to rot naturally. When it is not completely rotten, it is easy to entangle the root system of the next vegetable and affect the growth. The moisture permeability of the soil at the bottom of the foam box will be slightly poor, and the foam boxThe space between empty itself will be small. When planting stubble vegetables, first pour out the soil, smash it into small pieces, pick up the obvious root system of the previous stubble vegetables, and then spread them out. Then, mix appropriate amount of plant ash, chicken manure, and dry manure, put it well, sprinkle water to moisten it, and then sow or transplant vegetables.
Pour out the soil in the foam box where the vegetables have been planted. The root system of the previous vegetables is obvious, and the soil at the bottom is wet.
Just like our usual deep plowing and exposure before planting vegetables. Each crop of vegetables is treated this way before the next crop is planted. The soil environment of the foam box is good, it is easy to dissipate heat and seep water in summer, and the vegetables grown grow well.
Second, do not sow too densely to reduce the gap between plant growth.
The space of the foam box is relatively small, and the transplanted vegetables are planted one by one according to a certain distance, and some of the seeds with relatively small particles will be close together. As the vegetable seedlings grow thicker and denser, and grow to 1-2 months, the leaves will block each other, the lighting will be poor, and the air permeability will be poor. Under the scorching sun environment in summer, it is unfavorable to each other’s growth, and the difference in growth size is obvious. As shown in the picture, the emergence rate of amaranth grown as a side dish in the countryside is particularly high, but because I planted it too densely, as the amaranth grows up, it obviously blocks each other, and some of the latter grow into small plants under the cover, which is almost one piece away. .
A small amaranth with dense seeding, large growth gaps, and shade under tall plants.
In general, it is not an old seed from the Chen Youyou resource network year, the seed granules are in good condition, and the emergence rate after sowing is very high. Therefore, when sowing, do not sow too densely, but thinner (the distance between the seeds is 3-5cm, not narrower): first sow a large area sparsely, and then sprinkle a few seeds on it to see where it is particularly rare. In this way, the distance between the seeds is more appropriate, and when the seedlings grow later, the leaves have little effect on the light.
What should I do if the seeding is too dense?
If the seeds are too dense, the seedlings will grow well. You can wait for them to grow up a little, pull out the bigger seedlings and transplant them to other places or feed them to poultry, so that the remaining seedlings can continue to grow in better vacant rooms; It has to be pulled out, and the remaining seedlings have to grow up, and the subsequent transplanting needs to be carried out several times, and the one that grows is transplanted first; it is like a country dish, pulled out to eat, and the tender taste is good.
Multiple seasons cabbage
Third, sun protection and cooling cannot be ignored
The summer climate is characterized by hot and sunny. Although it is early summer, the performance is still obvious. For example, in the south of the country where Xiaocai lives, the highest temperature during the day is 32-35 degrees, and the lowest temperature is about 27 degrees. Some side vegetables in the vegetable field cannot be exposed to the sun because the soil is too dry. Temporary leaf viewing at noon is obvious, and people can feel the heat after standing outside for a few minutes. Although the soil in the foam box has good water retention performance in summer, the foam box itself is not conducive to heat dissipation. If you don’t pay attention to sun protection and cooling, the vegetables you grow may not grow well, what should you do?
1. Don’t water too often, water less.
When planting vegetables in boxes, the soilThe water retention of the soil is better than that of the vegetable field, the evaporation of water vapor is slower, and the interval between watering is slightly longer. If your fingers are stuck in the soil, you don’t need to water them, otherwise it will be too wet and easy to soak the roots. If it is too dry, the soil layer will heat up quickly, especially for small vegetable seedlings such as spinach and Chinese cabbage. Their roots and leaves are particularly tender, their root systems are sparse, their water absorption is not strong enough, and they are more sensitive to soil moisture. For example, leafy vegetables grown in summer vegetable fields should be watered once every two days, and the foam box should be watered once every three days; the closer the foam box is to the bottom, the higher the humidity. When watering, choose small waterings. Compared with the soil above, it has more downward absorption and less infiltration, narrowing the moisture gap between the upper, middle and lower layers of soil.
Water the amaranth
2. Put the foam box in a place with half-day light.
There is little and weak light in cold weather, so the foam box used for growing vegetables should be placed where it is easy to get light. However, it is summer with exposure to the sun. There is sufficient light during the day, and half a day of light in the morning or afternoon can meet the needs of vegetable growth. The whole day’s high temperature exposure is not good for the growth of vegetables. It is recommended to place the foam box for growing vegetables in a place where it is easy to get sunlight for half a day, such as the front balcony of the house or the lower corner of the corridor, near the root of the side wall of the house. Of course, if it is placed on the balcony, it is recommended not to place it on a high floor. In the hot noon, it can still shine on the sun.
3. Temporary shade for vegetable seedlings susceptible to sunlight.
There are many vegetables suitable for planting in summer, and some kinds of four-season vegetables can also be planted. But what I found is that when the weather is too hot in summer, if you don’t pay attention to sun protection, the four seasons vegetables will grow worse, especially when the four seasons vegetables are exposed to the sun. It is recommended to use a sunshade net or umbrella during the day. When I found out that the corridor of the Four Seasons Chinese Cabbage Fangyouyou Resource Network was outside, the leaves were all dried out at 10 o’clock in the morning, and the soil was still quite wet. Some plants were so badly damaged that they could no longer grow and were pulled out. Later I tried covering them with an umbrella and taking them off at noon when the sun was out. Vegetable seedlings are not sunburned. Later, when it grows up, it doesn’t need to be covered.
Sijibaicai, a small strain of lycopodium pests, is gradually disappearing.
Fourth, pay attention to the prevention and control of vegetable diseases and insect pests.
I used to see flies flying around in the vegetable field, even staying on the vegetables, and thought it was flies. After catching yellow armyworms, I found that they were not flies, but some vegetable pests of the Lycopoda family, which looked like flies. As the summer weather gets hotter, pests such as flies and vegetables become active, and vegetables grown in foam boxes are also vulnerable to their scourge, which cannot be ignored.
The white spots on the leaves are bitten by Lycopodium pests, and the khaki spots in the red circle are hidden bugs.
The khaki dots in the red circle are small insects, which cannot be clearly photographed.
Hazards of vegetable pests of Lycopodium
Common vegetable pests include Liriomyza sativae and Liriomyza sativae. They are generally the leaves that harm vegetablesson. When they eat the mesophyll, there is only a layer of leaf skin left on the back of the leaf, so the chewed place looks white, irregular in shape, large and small, long and short; the leaf itself is an important part of the photosynthesis of vegetables There are many veins on the leaves, which can transport water and nutrients. Because the vegetable leaves are seriously damaged by the vegetable pests of the genus genus, the leaves cannot grow normally, turn yellow and dark, and even the young seedlings will die.
The red circle is the white marks left by the vegetable insects Lycopodium gnats on amaranth.
As shown in the picture, the four-season Chinese cabbage planted by a small vegetable family in the countryside was obviously infested by the vegetable pests of Streptococcus family, while the small celery far from the foam box where the four-season Chinese cabbage was planted was not affected. Infringement, the red amaranth planted next to the four-season Chinese cabbage foam box was also bitten. I turned over the leaves for several days in a row, and the harvest was very little. I found a chrysalis on the back of a leaf, but I pinched the white thread to see that it was empty inside; among the bitten leaves, only one was special, for example, there was a worm hidden in the mesophyll, which was stuck on the index finger with a nail. On the stomach, there are really bugs. But it is so small, I can see a yellowish spot when the phone is not clear.
The chrysalis on the back of the leaves of Chinese cabbage in four seasons is empty
How to prevent and control the vegetable pests of Streptococcus family?
It takes a long time for sown vegetables to go from seedling emergence to transplanting or harvesting. If it is continuously eaten by vegetable pests of the Lycopodium family, the longer the vegetable grows, the worse it will be, which will affect its continued planting or picking for consumption. It is found that it is necessary to control them in time:
1. The yellow armyworm must not be less.
The adults of Lycopodium vegetable pests fly around like flies. Hanging yellow armyworms can catch them and reduce the source of insects. The foam box is small, and yellow armyworms can be hung on all sides, which makes it easier to catch vegetable pests of the genus family. Each yellow stick insect can be used on both sides, and it must be torn at the same time, instead of waiting for one side to be full and then using the other side.
Some of the insects caught in armyworms are vegetable pests of the Lycopoda family.
2. Early picking of insect leaves
When I found that the four seasons Chinese cabbage leaves were bitten into white marks, I turned it over and found no insects. I tried sprinkling in fresh plant ash but it didn’t feel like it was working. I might as well pick the leaves of the bugs. There are chickens at home, I picked them and fed them. Lycopodium vegetable pests usually lay their eggs on the underside of leaves and eat the mesophyll from the front side of the leaves. Damaged leaves are picked early and used to make liquid fertilizer, or dried and buried deeply to reduce the impact; if it is a small vegetable seedling with serious pest damage, pull out the whole plant.
Little celery under the light
3. Change the place and let the vegetables bask in the sun.
High temperature is not good for vegetable pest Lycopodium. It is not surprising that the outdoor temperature reaches 35 degrees and above in summer. You can move the foam box vegetables that have been placed in the place where the sun is usually half a day, such as the balcony/corridor, to a place where the sun is shining all day for a few days, and see how it goes; many times, the small celery planted in the rural vegetables will grow after emergence.Put it not far from the front of the house. Compared with the Four Seasons Chinese cabbage and red amaranth placed in the corridor, its light is much greater, and it can be exposed to the sun at five o’clock in the afternoon. It’s also about light. Of course, water vapor evaporates faster in full sunlight. Pay attention to watering in the evening or early morning.
Summary: The foam box is a special “planting place” with a small area. The soil layer for planting vegetables is not ventilated enough for natural vegetable plots, and it is hot in summer. Before planting vegetables, the soil should be treated well. Usually pay attention to the spacing of planting vegetables, water them properly, and prevent and control vegetable pests of Streptococcus family as early as possible. , so that the vegetables planted in the foam box can grow better.